High Stakes Testing And Statewide Standards - 1159 Words

High-stakes testing and statewide standards The Department of Education concludes that high-stakes testing and statewide standards puts too strain on both the teacher and student. Multiple studies show evidence of miscalculation of scores, teachers being blamed for low test score, and too much time spent on preparation for the tests. The purpose of this policy brief is to elaborate on the non-beneficial components of high-stakes testing and statewide standards. Thus, peer-reviewed research articles and evidential articles are reviewed on high-stakes testing and statewide standards. In addition, the state of Florida has shown the greatest amount of dissatisfied outcomes. The information provided in this policy brief will precisely indicate why high-stakes testing and statewide standards should be abandoned from the school system. I request the action of Congress to outlaw high-stakes testing and statewide standards for the betterment of all National citizens by passing a new law to fo rce states away from standardized testing. For the past 15 years, the No Child Left Behind Law (NCLB), every state has been required to provide each child with a test. This occurs every year; K-8th grade is tested on math and reading, and once in high school. Furthermore, districts have added a variety of tests to follow state-mandated tests. The Counsel of the Great City schools concluded that students take approximately 113 tests between grades K-12. Roberta Munoz (2006)Show MoreRelatedThe Debate Over High Stakes Testing Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesScores In Texas Tell US? by the Rand Corporation looks at the pros and cons to high stakes testing in Texas. High stakes testing was meant to improve academic scores and motivate teachers, but unintended concerns have risen. Professionals and the media question exactly how beneficial these test are, and if we should continue to use them. Texas was looked at because students had made huge strides in statewide testing. Gains in Texas Assessment and Academic Skills (TAAS) re ading and math scoresRead More Alternative Assessment Essay examples1282 Words   |  6 Pagesproject-based learning, because the entire academic year is devoted to practicing for statewide testing.† He went on to say that things can be different (Montague, 2000). He is correct; there are other ways to â€Å"test† student knowledge that are more beneficial to the students. These are called alternative assessment forms. Standardized tests can take various forms. Two major types of standardized tests are nationwide and statewide tests. An example of a nation-wide test is the Stanford Achievement TestRead MoreWhat Are The Critiques Of The SOL Test?861 Words   |  4 PagesVirginia’s statewide tests† talks about the Standards of Learning (SOL) exams. According to Virginia officials, the SOL is more difficult than national standards and is similar to the Common Core State Standards. The SOL is a high-stakes series of exams that assess the students understanding of the required curriculum across core subjects such as reading, writing, social science, mathematics, and science. Virginia students begin taking SOL exams in third grade until they graduate high school (BalingitRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1420 Words   |  6 PagesMany stakeholders’ in public education are seeking solutions to produce high achieving students who graduate ready to embrace technological challenges . One solution for many stakeholders’ seems to be high stakes testing. High stakes testing is an educational reform where decisions are based on individual student performance, teacher performance, and school performance. The tests are usually performed as an end of course or end of grade assessment after completion of the curriculum. The No ChildRead MoreIntroduction. A Resounding â€Å"Thank You† Is Directed Toward1514 Words   |  7 PagesBehind† Act in 2002, which consists of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Initiative. CCSS is set of quality academic standards in math and English for grade levels K-12 that outlines what a student should have learned at the successful completion of each grade. Ultimately, the CCSS levels the learning field for students across America, regardless of social class, race, or disability by requiring all students to meet the same standards of quality education. Statement of the Problem The popularityRead More No Child Left Behind Assessment Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesIf a standardized test was a contestant on Dancing With the Stars or American Idol, would it be voted off? Depends on whether the judges were politicians, professors, psychologists or parents. The stakes are high; ideology and money are at stake, and accountability is on the line. Using standardized tests as quantitative measurement tools have important implications for American education, â€Å"quality of assessment is one of the key features of good teaching and setting appropriate assessment tasksRead MoreThe Video Discussions : No Child Left Behind1217 Words   |  5 Pagescontext of the video discussions, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) represents a top-heavy approach to education with the federal government mandating reform and placing emphasis on testing outcomes. Indeed, NCLB is part of the accountability movement that has led to the development of ongoing measures that are designed to cr eate statewide assessment systems to measure student performance in mathematics and reading and thus address areas for improvement among students not performing at passable levels in suchRead More Education Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversies over education are centered around the question of how strictly standards should be upheld. The concern over whether or not flunking students is appropriate or even in the best interest of the student is a widely discussed topic. The argument often begins with students just starting school where the question of standardized testing for kindergartners arises. The majority of people are actually against such testing because they feel that a child who is labeled as a failure at such an earlyRead MoreObjectives Of The Curriculum Development789 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal funding to administer a statewide standardized test annually to all students. Schools that receive Title I funding through the Elementary and Secondary Education Act o f 1965 must make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in test scores. This aim led to setting a more specific goal of choosing DII as a curriculum strategy to consistently help raise student test scores. Once the curriculum instrument was identified, the objective was to deconstruct the power standards of each of the two subjectsRead MoreEducation Questions: Field Trip1000 Words   |  4 Pagespermission slip was required to stay behind at school. All of these issues are still important and practiced but now there are also a whole new set of requirements, some of which stand to end field trips all together. Those issues surround curriculum standards and time constraints as well as legality and liability issues. The field trip must be sanctioned and approved by the school and it is even possible that the school needs to contact their liability insurer to make certain that the trip is covered

Womens Masculine Identity For Fear Of Contempt - 1542 Words

Regularly and routinely reinforcing one’s masculine identity for fear of contempt in the eyes of their peers is a driving force in how military masculinity maintains itself. Much in the same way that masculinity operates in the civilian world, masculinity requires continual verification to remain secure. These moments of reification could include moments of physical aggression, substance abuse, and other high risk behaviors. While much is made about the toxic culture of military hypermasculinity, there is another side of military culture that does not receive the same amount of attention from the civilian world. As Claire Duncanson suggests, civilians often only see the more robust and rugged aspects, â€Å"many accounts of military training demonstrate how gender informs this process, as all things ‘feminine’ are disparaged, and ‘manhood’ is equated with toughness under fire.† Although this narrative of masculinity in the military does persist, there is also the facet of military culture which places emphasis on teamwork, loyalty, and other values the military attempts to supplant in their soldiers beside physical proficiency and armed mastery. The assertion here is that in order to accomplish the mission a unit must maintain a high level of cohesion and respect, which cohesion could be understood as friendship or reliance on others. Learning to depend on others is essential within military service because a proficient unit is able to operate well when all sections of the teamShow MoreRelatedWomen’S Studies Is The Study Of Women. Women Have Their1281 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Studies is the study of women. Women have their own programs and degrees in order to secure and define the importance of equality and how women measure in the world. Man Studies is not heard of; it is not a degree many people rush to major in because it does not exist the way Women’s Studies do. Women have been normatively considered the submissive gender in comparison to men as the dominate gender. Gender Studies seeks to understand both social constructions of femininity and masculinityRead MoreThe Issues Of Gender And Sexual ity1604 Words   |  7 Pagestheorists believe that prostitution is a form of violence against females and others believe is a way for females to be in control of their sexuality. According to sociologist Susie Jacobs, who explores the link between sexuality and gender control, â€Å"women’s sexuality is regulated in most or all societies and regulation is maintained through the legal sphere, social constraints and punishments† (Jacobs, 2014). Thus, the idea of selling sex is considered linked to a system of male power that representsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Sound And The Fury Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pagesgendered social roles and identities are defined by spatial environments. Feminist geography is opening up new avenues of literary studies, and has become regarded as a significant interpretative paradigm. Faulkner’s â€Å"The Sound and The Fury,† exposes the disintegration of the Southern aristocratic Compson family from multiple perspectives, as I have mentioned above, about the three Compson women. According to the article, little attention has been paid to the three Compson women’s relationships to theirRead More The Problem of Feminism in Female Art Essay2249 Words   |  9 Pagesdespite the growing numbers of women in the art world, female artists’ attempts at recognition have been dramatically less successful than those of their male counterparts. Feminist artists have been working since the women’s movement to create some kind of forum for women’s art in a history dominated by â€Å"good ol’ boys.† Yet the political stereotypes which surround feminism have caused some female artists to disassociate themselves with the concept. More and more women are choosing to delveRead MoreThelma And Louise : A Feminist Portrayal Of The Rights Of Woman1892 Words   |  8 Pagesof heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love, which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.† Wollstonecraft urged women not to have power over men, but power over themselves. On Thelma and Louise’s escapades they gain power over themselves, becoming women who are emancipated from the rules a dominantly male society has from them. ButRead MoreReview For Exam 22476 Words   |  10 Pagesfrom crime. As age increases, criminal behavior decreases in frequency and seriousness. Ones identity in ages 17-20 begin to realize their life going nowhere and must make necessary changes to achieve success. The decision to give up or continue with crime is based on a person’s conscious reappraisal of the costs and benefits of criminal activity. Its not just aging that brings on desistance, but also the fear of punishment of being charged as an adult, rather than a juvenile. Crime is onset accordingRead MoreEssay Analysis of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Place in the Canon2356 Words   |  10 Pages Mary Wollstonecraft, often known as the mother of womens rights, published her greatest work, Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. She is considered one of the earliest feminist writers. The book is a work of non-fiction and tackles political and moral problems in relation to women in her time. At the time she was born, London grew in literature and science through many published works. This literary and scientific growth was called the Age of Enlightenment. Other famous writers duringRead MoreBuchi Emecheta and African Traditional Society Essay1918 Words   |  8 Pagesway in which these characters try to turn the table against the second-class and slavish status to which they are subjected either by their husbands or the male-oriented traditions. Reading Buchi Emecheta informs us of the ways fiction, especially women’s writing, plays a role in constructing a world in which women can live complete lives; a world that may provide women with opportunities for freedom, c reativity, self-expression, friendship and love. Welesley Brown Lloyd believes that; â€Å"of all womenRead MoreFemale Sexuality in Shakespeare4830 Words   |  20 Pagesgender sex and gender behavior as â€Å"Sex refers to the . . . biological distinctions between male and female bodies. Gender refers to those meanings derived from the division of male and female . . . the attributes considered appropriate to each: ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine.’†Ã‚  (Valerie Traub, â€Å"Gender and Sexuality in Shakespeare† p129)  Patriarchy indirectly opposes this source of the meaning with male leaders moderating their control with their own male qualities. However, this thinking needed a sternRead MoreHamlet Attitudes Towards Women : Being Hatred Or Not Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagesis why after king Hamlet’s death, when she finds her position insignificant; she quickly gets married to Claudius only to restore her earlier status which she values more than a life of a widow. Women’s this flaw of dependency upon men is deplorable in the eyes of Prince Hamlet. Hamlet believes in women’s independency and supports their practicing of free will just defines such act of dependency as disgraceful for a woman which makes them frail. That is why actually Hamlet criticizes women saying

Protecting Consumers Unfair Contract Terms -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Protecting Consumers Unfair Contract Terms? Answer: Introducation The Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] case has been dealt with the common law and statutory developments in the trade practice where a dispute has been found between the trader and consumer. The case has concentrated with the unconscionability under the Trade Practice Act where a substantiative part of the contract has been raised the actual disputes. It is the first case in Australia, which has introduced the unconscionable conducts in the law of Contract. The Old Italian Migrant Couple Mr. and Mrs. Amadio have been sustained as guarantor against a loan, which has been taken by their son for his construction business. The loan has been taken from the Commercial Bank of Australia. However, the bank manager Mr. Virgo has been found that their son, Vincenzo Amadio has misrepresented the facts and his parents identity as guarantors. Here, when the business failed, the bank has been enforced the guarantor for mortgage the building which was owned by Amadios. In this case, the court has been introduced the term unconscionability under the Australian Contract Law. The court has defined the unconscionability in various ways. The Procedural unconscionability is the process where the party may suffer damages due to the negotiations. Here, the stronger party took advantages from the consumers due to their lack of knowledge of understanding the terms of the contract. In this case, the trader has also taken advantages of the consumer due to their less knowledge about the contract and the incapable of understanding of facts where the trader has taken benefits from the transaction (Skead, Atkins and Carruthers 2017). The Substantive unconscionability defines the unfairness of terms or outcomes. It has mainly caused due to the use of coercion or undue influence. When consumer makes his or her own independent decision due to the excessive pressure of the undue influence, the trader took the benefits from them. Most of the situation, court does not concentrate on the facts that whether the trade has good or bad bargain powers. The imbalance of bargaining powers is the actual reason of the unconscionability (Skead, Atkins and Carruthers 2017). In this case, the statutory development has been focused on the Corporations Act 2001, Trade Practices Act 1974, Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and various industry codes of conduct. Under the Trade Practice Act 1974, section 214A has been expressly discussed the term unconscionable conduct in the contract which caused at the time of transaction between two parties. The section 514B has been defined the facts of prohibition of the unconscionable conduct in the consumer transaction. In the part IVA of the Trade Practices Act, it also included other relevant sections, which deal with the unconscionable conduct in the trade consumer transaction. The section 514A deals with the procedural unconscionability and the sections 51AB and 51AC conduct with the substantive unconscionability in the contract (Goldberger 2016). The section 514A under the trade practice, deals with procedural unconscionability under the common law of contract. This act protects those people who are disabled by their age, infirmity, Healthcare or mental illness and served with other several disadvantages. When a contract formed under this duress is known as breach procedural unconscionability. In this case, Justice Mason has focused on the bargaining powers between two parties where the transaction was not enough qualify for the special disability. Therefore, for considering the special disability, the conduct must have enough ability to make the correct judgment in ones interest is related with the other party. Therefore, the given verdict in this case has been processed by knowing that the setting in which the contract was drawn up is related with the fact that the contract was procedural unconscionable. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the facts the contract was conducted with the procedural unconscionability (Skead , Atkins and Carruthers 2017). According to the section 514B of the Trade Practice Act, it is necessary to establish the terms of special disability under the concept of unconscionability. The Subsection 51AB (2) of this act defines that business or the company never engaged themselves with any conduct which must be unconscionable. The section 514B (2) has been described the facts where the court can considered the corporation who have breached the contract and it will determine the extent of the contravention. It is related with the bargaining powers between the trader and consumer. When the weak consumer has found to corporate with the corporate terms with reasonable and necessary protection as per the best interest of the corporation. It is also helps to get the clear understanding about the terms of the documents, which are related to the supply of goods. In some cases, the undue influence may affect the weaker consumer due to the coercion in the unfair terms in the contract, which are related with the goods o r services. The section 51AC has been legislated under the Trade Practice Act for the protection of small business from unfair and exploitive conduct in the conducts. This section has set free small commercial transaction from the reprehensible conduct and recent trends towards the legal evaluation in the business contract. Therefore, this section is only conducts with the consistent with other dealings and other non-disclosure facts, which are related with the parties. It also protects the degree and fairness of the negotiation terms. In such matter, the contractual right of the trader always varies (Goldberger 2016). However, in this case, the judgment was given on the main fact of unconscionable conduct which has refers the unconscientious of the nature of the bargaining power for determine the position of the party who have faced special disability or caused due to the special situation of disadvantages. The undue influenced has been found in this case where the advantages has been taken from the innocent parties who are not deprived of an independent and voluntary will. The old couple was also found with lack of education and due to their age, it creates a disadvantageous position. Therefore, it is necessary to found that whether the bank was equally aware about the situation or not. The couple was Italian, old and not has enough knowledge about English. Their son was the only adviser and he was required the mortgage and does not have their best interest in mind. Therefore, the couple has also mentioned that their son did not explain the all the terms of mortgage. There are several facts has b een introduced due to the gross inequality of bargaining power between the bank and the respondent where the respondents also holds the position of special disadvantages and the bank was in the relation with the proposed mortgage guarantee (Skead, Atkins and Carruthers 2017). Therefore, according to the situation, the court has also mentioned that, the appellant was not having any knowledge about the inability to make a judgment about the best interest of the position. The unconscionable conduct has been dealt in this case where the consequences were found in relation due to the absence of the reasonable degree of equality between the parties. The person who has been disabled can use the sufficient reasonable grounds and introduced enough evidences in this case. Therefore, the stronger party has involved with the terms of prima facie unfair or unconscientious, which caused the impugned transaction towards the weaker consumer (Skead, Atkins and Carruthers 2017). The misrepresentation of the non-disclosure facts are also identified in this case. The management with the bank and Vincenzo has increased the overdraft and introduced a limit, which has been caused with very short period. The bank also dishonored the cheque in an endeavor to maintain the companys faade of prosperity. However, the misrepresentation has not created by the bank. Vincenzo is liable for such misrepresentation (Goldberger 2016). Reference Brody, G. and Temple, K., 2016. Unfair but not illegal: Are Australia's consumer protection laws allowing predatory businesses to flourish?. Alternative Law Journal, 41(3), pp.169-173. Casson, J., 2016. Small business and unfair contract terms: Changes on the horizon. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, 3(2), p.76. Dal Pont, G., 2015. Equity and trusts in Australia. Goldberger, J., 2016. Unconscionable conduct and unfair contract terms. business-law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia, 30(2), p.17. Latimer, P., 2016. Protecting Consumers from Unfair Contract Terms: Australian Comparisons. McKendrick, E. and Liu, Q., 2015. Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Skead, N., Atkins, T. and Carruthers, P., 2017. Analysing Mortgagor Protections in Equity and Under Statute. Stewart, T., 2015. Unreasonable, unconscionable and oppressive contract terms in South African and Western Australian accounting (Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg).

Leadership and Leaders Quality

Question: Using relevant theories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century leader of a (business, government or not-for-profit) organisation. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation? Answer: Executive Summary Leadership skills play an important role in shaping the performance of the company. The strategies adopted by the leaders help in improving the plans prepared for introducing developmental plans for the management. Through effective leadership skills it is possible for the leaders to introduce the best steps that would enable the management to manage positive relationship with the staffs of the company. There are different theories and models that have been adopted by the leaders to improve the performance and relationship with the clients. Introduction Leaders and leadership skills have always benefitted people or followers, since ages. The role of leaders in 21st century cannot be overlooked, in uplifting the performance of the companies. Many leaders have been successful in changing the overall look of the companies formed by them. Through the leadership skills, it is possible to influence the performance of the business. The success of the business depends upon the relationship that exists between the followers of the group or company and the leaders. This essay has been prepared on Steve Jobs, the successful leader of Apple Company. Jobs were the CEO of Apple Inc., one of the leading companies in the world. In this essay, the leadership style adopts and followed by Steve has been included. The skills adopted by the leader to encourage the people to work towards the goal achievement, which is one of the most important factors. Steve Jobs was an effective leader, who could encourage the members to work towards the goal achievemen t for the company (Atkinson Pilgreen, 2011). Leadership in the 21st Century The leadership is one of the most important factors that play a key role in handling various issues related to management. Through effective leadership skills, the leaders can easily handle different challenges that exist at the time of maintaining positive and long term relationship. Various leaders have adopted different leadership styles to encourage the people. The style varies, however the motive is to motivate the people to work towards the goal achievement. Through effective leadership skills, the leaders are expected to solve the problem that is faced by the management and the employees or the followers. It has being noted that the action and inaction of the leader directly impacts the people. Thus, the decision taken by the leader has to be analysed, and the pros and cons associated with the same has to be analysed. The concepts related to leadership traits and features/characteristics and theories have been presented to highlight the steps that would be followed for handlin g the environmental factors. With the help of the skills, it is possible for the leaders to handle the situation and overpower the challenges that exist within the business (Fenwick Gayle, 2008). Leadership skills of Steve Jobs The successful CEO of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs was a charismatic and vision oriented leader. Jobs had encouraged his followers to adopt intellectual development process to handle different issues, and overpower the problems that existed at the workplace. Steve believed in inspiring his followers, as this would improve the performance and effectiveness. Both the factors are required for improving the productivity for the company. Characteristics and leadership style followed by Steve Jobs is much associated with the transformational type of leadership. With a clear vision Steve could easily introduce to the people the benefits and different usages of the personal computer. In order to do so, Steve required a force to execute the challenging tasks that existed at the workplace. Thus, Jobs would encourage the members to do the right things by providing the assistance that was required for the execution. In this method, Steve had clearly defined the vision that was expected to be followed by the members and the managers of the company. Task associated with the value addition was done through energetic and positive attitude of Steve Jobs. The vision of the leader and the company was clearly highlighted to the people. Steve was a perfectionist and would encourage the members to do the right things. Jobs had a view and ambition, and the same was communicated with the members/followers on a positive note. Steve believed in encouraging the followers as this was quite essential for the successful business operations and expansions ( Fry, 2003). Such features and characteristics were associated with the transformational style of leadership. In this process, Steve ensured to encourage the members and introduced transformational changes in the members. This was necessary for accomplishing the challenging tasks that existed at the workplace. The CEO of the company believed in introducing innovative designs and concepts, which would benefit the people. Staffs of the company were encouraged to do the right things to accomplish the tasks and introduce innovative plans and designs that would benefit the clients. Steve believed in offering the best possible services, as this would encourage the potential buyers to invest in the purchase of the products that were sold by the company ( Gill, et al., 2008). Relevance of organizational behaviour The leaders of the company are expected to be committed towards the goal achievement set out by the management. This helps the leaders to develop the target and the process that would have to be followed for accomplishing the task. Commitment is the strength of the leader through which the staffs can be encouraged to get involved with the organizational commitment. The people of the company have to be encouraged to follow the steps that have been set forth by the companies and the leaders. Through this process, it is possible to relate the works performed by the company and the commitment that has been outlined by the company. With enough resources it is possible for the leaders to set out attitudes or the behaviours of the staffs. Both the factors are necessary for the successful conduct of the business activities (Humphreys, Einstein, 2003). Through this process, it is possible for the leaders to develop and introduce better methods for 1. Developing employee behaviour, through which the performance of the company can be improved. 2. Implement attitudinal and cognitive factors that would improve job satisfaction among the staffs of the company. 3. Define the characteristics of the jobs that have to be performed by the members, along with the relevance of the roles. This has been done to highlight the responsibilities of the members of the company 4. Encourage the members to develop personal characteristics for the staffs which is also associated with the age and job tenure of the individuals or the staffs. The leader also adopts emotional intelligence factors, which is basically associated with the emotions and the factors that causes the same. This is required for enhancing the thinking ability of the individuals. Through this process, the ability of the leaders to perceive emotions accurately, generate emotions, and access the factors required for successful business conduct are analysed. Through such knowledge it is possible for the leaders to develop and implement the best steps that would help in achieving the set target without losing much efforts and time on the same. Through the adopted character, the manager attempt to encourage the members or the staffs to work towards the goal achievement, which is quite important for the business (Judge, and Ilies, 2002) Features of transformational style of leadership James McGregor Burns ad introduced the term of transformational style of leadership in the year 1978. Transformational style of leaders has been defined as the step or process that defines the steps followed by the leader along with the followers to encourage each other to work together and achieve great heights of success. Steve Jobs had encouraged the members of his company to introduce innovative style and ideas. Through this process, he had attempted to encourage the members to improve the sales and customer expectations. Some of the characterises of such leaders include Leaders develop a model for fairness and integrity Have a clear vision about the tasks that needs to be performed by the management and the staffs of the company (Judge, Piccolo, 2004). Motivate other members to do the right things and at the right time. Ensure to provide enough support and recognition to the members Handle the emotions of the staffs of the company Encourage the members to check or analyse the potentiality beyond their self-interest. The leaders have to set right the vision for the company, and encourage the staffs to follow the instructions that have been provided by the management. Leaders with such characteristics usually encourage creative designs, and encourage the members to follow the right steps. In this case, the emotional responsiveness and creative expression of different factors has been taken into consideration. Through the transformational characteristics it is possible for the leaders to introduce the changes that would encourage the members and the management to achieve the set target. For this, it is essential to have a big and clear vision, through which the challenging tasks can be easily achieved by the company (Keller, 2006). Some of the important traits that forms an important part of the leadership traits includes Extraversion - Such a feature is basically looked upon as one of the encouraging or motivational factors for the leaders. Neuroticism It is related to the methods that are adopted for increasing the productivity for the company. In this process, the groups are analysed, and the role of the leaders play a key role in uplifting the performance of the members. Experience The members and the leaders have to willingly undertake different challenges. This would increase the experience of the members. Agreeable - The members, along with the leaders need to agree upon the decision that has been made by the management. Through this process, it is possible for the leaders to encourage the members to do the right thing (King et al., 2009). Consciousness The decision made by the leaders have to be analysed. This has to be done, as the members would certainly look forth for the benefits associated with the act. In this process, the challenges that are associated with the decision making are analysed. The performance and effectiveness of the transactional style of leadership has been measured through the MLQ method or the multifactor leadership questionnaire method. In this method, a detailed survey is conducted to find the reliability of the leaders to undertaken the challenges that exists at the workplace. This is done to find the challenges that are associated with the execution of the leadership traits. Some of the important components that has been associated with the leadership factors are Idealised attributes Inspirational motivation Idealized behaviours (Mehra et al., 2006) Intellectual stimulation Individualised consideration Leadership theories The Great Man theory The great man theory evolved in the 19th century, and it is associated with the human characteristics essential for the conduct of the business. The human factors play a key role in identifying the roles or the goals that is expected to be played by the members. In this process, it is assumed that there can be one leader who can effectively handle the tasks. As per this theory, it is believed that the leaders are not made; in fact they are born with the characteristics. The leaders are expected to handle different complex situation, and help the members to overcome the issues (Moore, and Rudd, 2006). Behaviour theory for leadership In such a type of leadership theory, the leaders work towards developing and implementing new ideas and perspectives. This is required for focusing on the behaviour that is necessary for analysing the physical and mental characteristics of the individuals. The factors that affects the behaviour and decision making ability of the individuals at the workplace is analysed. This helps in accessing the severity of the issue, and drafting the best policy through which the same can be overpowered. Transformational leaders In such leadership characteristics, the leaders constantly interact with the staffs of the company. This is done to develop positive relationship with the employees. The members of the company are motivated and encouraged to undertake different challenging tasks that exists at the workplace. Importance is given to joint efforts that are made by the leaders and the staffs for accomplishing the tasks that exists at the workplace. For this, the rules are analysed, and exchanges required in the process has to be introduced. Such factors help the management and the leaders to undertake different challenging tasks, through which the objectives set out by the company can be easily achieved (Naipul, S., Wang, 2009). Leadership models Leadership models are quite important for the successful business conduct. In this process, the leadership behaviours are defined in regards to the specific business environment and situation. The behaviour of the leaders is taken into consideration, and the same is analysed. This is done with an intention of increasing the productivity for the company and developing positive relationship with the staffs and members of the company. Some of the mordant models that are considered in this process are Managerial grid - In this method, the leaders analyse the severity of the issue or the tasks at the workplace. Details are collected, and the challenges are analysed by the business leaders. This is done to predict the outcomes of the business. There are two types of leadership behaviours like the consideration and the initiation structure. Through such factors, the leaders analyse the changes required to be implemented for the product improvement for the company. Employee orientation and production orientation are two important features that contribute towards the success of the business conduct (Rowe, 2001). Develop four framework approaches In this process, the factors guiding the leadership behaviour are analysed. This is done after relating the same with the specific situation or condition that exists at the workplace. In this method, the leaders of the company basically concentrate on different factors like the structure, political, human resource, and symbolic factors. Through such factors, the leaders undertake the challenging tasks that exist at the workplace. Situational leadership factors The leaders are expected to handle the workplace environment, and for this the specific situation and challenges are analysed. In this case, the factors like the supervision and employee satisfaction has to be taken into consideration (Sarker, Hossan, and Zaman, 2012). Better leadership skills and motivate the leaders In order to encourage the members or the staffs of the company, it is essential to develop and introduce better and effective leadership methods for handling the challenges that exists at the workplace. Participative style of leadership is considered to be the most effective method through which the management can effectively handle the challenges that are associated with the task execution. An attempt has to be made to maintain positive relationship with the staffs, as this would help in encouraging the members to achieve the set target. Leaders in the 21st century have to face lots of challenges like handling large workforce, taking care of the competition, and introducing better methods for improving the production activities. Some of the factors or steps that can be followed for improving the relationship with the staffs are Analyse the problem faced by the members for execution of the task that exists at the workplace. Collect data through which the necessary changes can be introduced for improving the relationship and productivity for the company (Tarabishy et al., 2005). Conclusion Leadership style and methods play a key role in the development of the business. In this case, the factors that can directly impact the business performance have to be analysed. Through this method, it is possible for the management to introduce the required changes through which the challenging tasks at the workplace can be achieved. 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