Models of Addiction Essay Example for Free

Models of Addiction Essay The three models of enslavement analyzed in this week’s readings incorporate the clinical model, the psychosocial model, and the ailment of the human soul model. The clinical model â€Å"rests on the suspicion that malady states are the consequence of a natural brokenness, potentially one on the cell or even atomic level† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 333). Many think about this model and â€Å"maintain that quite a bit of human conduct depends on the collaboration between the individual’s natural inclination and the environment† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 333). People under this model view through and through freedom â€Å"as an illusion† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 33). There is contention seeing this model as â€Å"to how much the individual’s hereditary legacy really serves to incline the person to a substance use issue, and the amount of this is the aftereffect of psychosocial factors† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 344). The malady model seems to administer the manner by which substance misuse issue are thought of and rewarded in the United States. The psychosocial models of substance use advocates recommend that it is interlinked with the clinical model in that both â€Å"admit that there is a significant psychosocial segment to the addictions† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 345). Psychosocial defenders express that â€Å"addictions are found out behavior(s), poor psychosocial working, or the consequence of maladaptive thinking† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 345). It is recommended that the pharmaceutical business might be answerable for ‘disease mongering’ to help advance the deals of medications said to fix proposed sicknesses, in this manner advancing the ailment model. Some accept we are darkening unsatisfactory conduct and calling them infections proposing that we have â€Å"become a country of blamers, grumblers, and casualties, very cheerful, whenever we get an opportunity, to shift responsibility elsewhere to another person for our troubles† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 46). Numerous hypothetical models were offered: moral model, balance model, otherworldly model, dispositional illness model, instructive model, characterological model, general frameworks model, and the clinical model. In considering all the models that propose to offer knowledge in the components to consider with enslavement, â€Å"each point of view neglects to totally clarify the entirety of the aspects of the SUDs adequately† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 352). The third model of substance use issue introduced is the infection of the human soul. This model proposes that as we enter the weights and preliminaries of life and become ungrounded with torment or voids in our lives we permit ourselves to have sympathy and free ourselves up to our deep down evil nature. â€Å"It is now that some backlash with sickening apprehension and become otherworldly narcissists: egotistical, reluctant to perceive any motivation to deny the â€Å"self† any craving or pleasure† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 357). This model accepts that all people â€Å"all begin with expectation, confidence and fortitude† however when presented to the ills of the world some â€Å"turn to synthetic substances to fill the apparent void inside or to facilitate their pain† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 61). While thinking about otherworldly chapter 11 and void in the life of a fanatic, despair rings a bell. At the point when an individual feels despair they can't consider whatever else however what's going on in the present and regularly seem urgent. Writing bolsters that â€Å"people are additionally profound creatures who are either effectively or inactively engaged with a relationship with a Higher Being† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 353). At the point when an individual is profoundly bankrupt they have lost good bearing and frequently start to make poor, self-satisfying decisions and have picked an aloof relationship with their Higher Being. Addicts are scanning for something to fill them with the delight and completeness they have supplanted with the unequivocal love of Christ. The pervasiveness of enslavement dependent on my readings proposes that illegal medications, weed, and opiates are promptly accessible in the city. â€Å" In the United States it has been assessed that 2000 individuals use cocaine just because each day† and that â€Å"nationally 5-10% of the populace, or around 30 million individuals, have mishandled cocaine at any rate once† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 110). It is upsetting that the writing can cite insights on youngsters utilizing these substances at such a youthful age. Writing underpins that the utilization of drugs is by all accounts declining in the United States, notwithstanding, â€Å"it was assessed that 943,000 people beyond 12 a years old a psychedelic compound without precedent for the year 2007† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 166). Likewise referenced was â€Å"the normal age at which people start to smoke pot in the United States is around 18-multi year of age† (Doweiko, 2012, p. 124). Another upsetting certainty with respect to substances on the lanes is the thought that huge numbers of the substances fluctuate in measure of substance to such an extent that people may not understand the amount or nature of the substance they are ingesting.

Corrution the cancer of Indian society Free Essays

The issue In our nation isn't the absence of information or comprehension about degenerate practices yet the absence of fearlessness to remain against such practices It Is anything but difficult to target others including legislators yet shouldn't something be said about basic man? WE HAVE to comprehend that the framework is degenerate since we are likewise degenerate. In the first place, we need to change ourselves then no one but we can anticipate change In others. This Is an old technique to point the fingers towards the bad behavior of others. We will compose a custom paper test on Corrution the malignancy of Indian culture or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In any case, nobody is prepared to check their own character. M truly scrutinizing the legitimacy of self-alluded correct individuals. Before pointing fingers towards others, including lawmakers and other government workers, we ought to Introspect ourselves. I am seeing that everyone is prepared to manhandle the framework yet shouldn't something be said about ourselves. Is it accurate to say that we are average folks extremely not quite the same as the individuals who are in legislative issues and other circle of life and running this nation? No, that is reality. We are not any more not quite the same as those whom we are manhandling consistently on various discussion Including media. We are prepared to discuss debasement till the time we need to mishandle governmental issues. For me doing anything ring is likewise a kind of debasement and the vast majority of us here and there or other are engaged with degenerate practices. It is very conceivable that most perusers won't concur with me on this since they are likewise in a comparable situation. Let us see whatever what I am stating is right or not. We are prepared to offer cash as incentive to get associations of various sorts, for example, gas, water, and power †all amiss. There might be others In the general public who can't offer such incentives to get such associations amiss and even some time they need to Walt for longer timeframe in light of individuals like us alleged working class who subterranean insect debasement to be killed from society. There are others In the white collar class †particularly little league specialists like businesspeople of various sorts, †and they might be gaining more than what we are getting as our month to month compensation however they are not prepared to cover annual expense. There will be in excess of 10 million such shops in our nation and the greater part of them are not paying enough duties according to law. Individuals restricting FED in retail area are really supporting such businesspeople. What is the need on the planet for the gatherings to battle on such significant issue of FED on account of such expense dodgers? They realize very well how to sidestep Income charge and different assessments and they are simultaneously running a market of dark cash. Though FED will carry a ton of cash to the legislature in the structure distinctive charges however it will guarantee straightforwardness too in the retail section. So fundamental inquiry remains would we say we are truly Interested to annihilate defilement from our general public? In the event that the appropriate response is indeed, at that point we need to begin from ourselves as opposed to request that others do. To start with, we need to change and afterward no one but we can anticipate the adjustment in suit. Let us accept one individual in every family take a pledge to be not degenerate whatever protections will be there trust me that over half debasement will destroy at such time. Gandhi]’ had focused on that there is sufficient on the planet for man’s need yet miserably not satisfactory for his covetousness. In India, it is the avarice of a not many people that has compromised the abounding billion odd populace of starvation, natural corruption, uncontrolled ascent in contamination and falling apart ecological measures. Taking a gander at Ago over the most recent 60 years, there is an obvious contrast. Prior through the backtalk straight up to the late backtalk continued itself outstandingly on sunlight based vitality. The touch off of work saw each Goanna procure his bread during that time and rest calmly around evening time. The spring waters were unadulterated, perfect and plentiful in minerals, smoothening, stimulating and invigorating. Food gracefully might not have been copious yet was sufficient. The powerless and those ‘unfortunates’ unequipped for work were taken care of by the family, neighbors, companions or the cultural type of foundations like the sanctuary and church establishments or any semblance of supplier. Presumably then that despite the fact that there was misuse of the maunders by a bunch of bathmats, all things considered the occurrences of burglaries, assaults, murders and wrongdoings were ender control in this manner managing Goons the tag of a ‘peaceful society’. Goons were acknowledged as delicate, persevering, skilled and a reliable workforce. Goanna performers, cooks, representatives, specialists, managers, caretakers, individual aides, architects and researchers became good examples in varying backgrounds and transformed legislative issues as well. Goons endeavors hard to guarantee nature stayed spotless, green and salubrious. Do we have mental fortitude to take such a pledge? I don’t think so. On the off chance that indeed, for which chances are extremely less, at that point it will be great for the nation all in all. Step by step instructions to refer to Corrution the malignant growth of Indian culture, Papers

IVU Preparation and IVU Procedure

IVU Preparation and IVU Procedure What is Intravenous Urography? Intravenous Urography looks at is the urinary framework by utilizing an extraordinary color (differentiate medium) that is infused into one of your veins. The color goes through the circulation system and is evacuated by the kidneys and went into the ureters and bladder. The color assists with showing up these organs all the more unmistakably on X-beams. The test can help discover the reason for urinary issues. It can show kidney and bladder stones, tumors, blood clusters or narrowing in the ureters. It is routinely done as an out-persistent system in the radiology office. The technique is included two stages. To begin with, it needs a working kidney to wipe the color out of the blood into the pee. The time vital for the color to come into see on x beams connect precisely with kidneys work. The subsequent stage gives whole anatomical pictures of the urinary tract. Inside the initial couple of moments the color illuminates the kidneys, a phase called the nephrogram. Later the photos follow the color down the ureters and into the bladder. The last film taken in the wake of peeing shows how well the bladder purges. The difference is expelled from the circulatory system through the kidneys. At that point differentiate media gets noticeable on x-beams very quickly after infusion. Consideration is paid at the: Kidney Bladderã‚â ã‚â Cylinders that interface them (urethras) Why Intravenous Urography is finished? The most well-known explanation an IVU is done is in a condition be the associated nearness with stones in the urinary tract. Other pathology are, for example, renal disappointment, myeloma and outset. The specialist might want to know how the pee is depleting from the kidney to the bladder and how the stones have influenced your urinary framework. This might be utilized to adjust the ultrasound of the kidney to the bladder and how the stones have influenced the urinary framework and the other savvy. IVU utilizes a color, additionally called as a difference medium. This shows up the delicate tissues the urinary framework on the x-beam. This will permit the malignant growth to be found in any pieces of the patients urinary framework. The malignancy appears as a blockage or a lopsided diagram on the mass of the bladder or ureter for a model. It is likewise utilized in the examination of other associated causes with pee check or blood in the pee. Persistent groundwork for Intravenous Urography. Patient ought to be held NPO for 24 hours preceding the radiographic investigation. Patient ought to get at least 2 purifying bowel purges before study. One douche ought to be played out the night prior to the technique. Patient ought to get huge bore catheter preceding assessment start time. Patients more than 60 lbs ought to get 2 huge bore catheters to encourage differentiate organization. Medicine Instruction Fasting Instruction Inside Preparation An) Unless the patient have an asthma or different hypersensitivities the drugs are not reqiured. Consequently, the recommendation for the assessment is checked on since the patient can build up a response towards the complexity media that are utilized. On the off chance that the specialist feels the advantages of this technique will adjust the dangers, at that point the patient might be masterminded to prednisolone (a kind of steroid drug) tablets for the assessment. This would be 40 mg 12 hours and afterward, 40mg 2 hours preceding the technique. Here and there in a critical assessment, the patient might be given an infusion of Hydrocortisone 100 mg (another sort of steroid) not long before the assessment. B) If the IVU strategy is toward the evening, patient can take light breakfast. Until 4-6 hours before the system, the patient can take a little cup of clear liquids every hour, for example, water, natural product juice, dark tea or dark espresso. No milk must be taken on the grounds that it causes acid reflux. It is ideal that nothing ought to be taken for at any rate 4 hours before the system. Water is permitted in diabetics, myeloma patients, renal disappointment and for different conditions where lack of hydration is contraindicated. C) Low buildup sans vegetable eating regimen for 1 day before the assessment. A great deal of water ought to be taken during this period before fasting starts. The patient might be given intestinal medicines, for example, 2 tablets of Dulcolax at 9 pm the night prior to the assessment to build the peristalsis activity. Method for Intravenous Urogram. Patient will be approached to lie on a x-beam table where the radiographer will take a fundamental film of their belly. The specialist will at that point give quiet an infusion of difference medium into their arm. After this, a progression of movies will be assumed control throughout the following 30 minutes as the color goes through your renal tract. At one phase of the methodology, a tight band might be set on patients lower stomach area to assist the radiographer with obtaining greatest filling of the kidneys before the complexity medium streams down into the bladder. Toward the finish of the assessment, patient will be approached to purge your bladder, and afterward another film will be taken to see the unfilled bladder. Now and then the complexity medium sets aside some effort to experience the kidneys and these outcomes in an all-inclusive assessment time. Differentiation medium is a liquid that is hazy to x-beams, is gathered in the kidneys and goes into the bladder before bei ng dropped in your pee. It is drab, so the patient can't see it when you go to the latrine. Beside the minor sting from the infusion as the difference medium is infused, a few people report feeling a warm flush, and some of the time have a metallic preference for their mouth. These things for the most part vanish inside a moment or two, and are no reason to worry. Incase the patient become irritated or shy of breath, let the radiologist know straight away, as they may have a slight response to the difference, which can be facilitated with antihistamines. On the off chance that the patient have asthma or serious sensitivities, the radiologist may recommend them to take a steroid, or utilize other imaging alternatives. Quiet consideration after Procedure Some of the time, there would be minor (summed up warmth, to rashes) to direct, asthma and trouble breathing, a drop in the circulatory strain (generally transient) or infrequently extreme and hazardous (hypersensitivity). Rarely, there might be extreme uneasiness/torment when pressure is applied, yet as a rule the pressure will be discharged the second the patient advise the radiographer in control regarding your assessment. The main serious difficulty of an IVP is a sensitivity to the iodine-containing color that is utilized. Such a hypersensitivity is uncommon, yet it tends to be deadly. Quiet are given and solicited to lay on top from draw sheets cause the radiographic might be cold. Cushions are given for comfort. There is generally no unique guidelines post IVU. The patient may eat and drink except if your alluding specialist has another assessment or methodology for you after the IVU assessment About the Intravenous Urography Examination The method takes around 40 to an hour. Persistent need to purge their bladder before the test. In a private desk area, Patient might be approached to take off their attire and put on an emergency clinic outfit. At that point patient will be taken to the X-beam room and requested to rests on the X-beam table. Radiographer will take the principal X-beam pictures without the color. Radiographer will at that point infuse the color in a vein in their grasp or arm, and take more X-beams of your stomach area and pelvis. Patient might be approached to move position and lie on your stomach, or hold their breath for a couple of moments while the X-beams are taken. To help improve pictures of the kidneys, a tight band might be set over their mid-region. Patient may likewise be approached to go the can to purge your bladder and have another X-beam taken. Results on Intravenous Urography A typical intravenous urogram demonstrates no noticeable variation from the norm in the structure or capacity of the urinary framework. The radiologist searches for a smooth non-lobulated blueprint of every kidney, no clubbing or other variation from the norm of the renal calyces (gathering framework), and no unusual liquid assortment in the kidneys that could recommend deterrent. The ureters must contain no filling absconds (stones) or deviations because of an adjoining tumor. The bladder must have a smooth framework and void ordinarily as imagined on the post-void film. Irregular outcomes incorporate hydronephrosis (distension of the renal pelvis and calices because of obstacle) because of tumors or calculi (stones). Pimples or abscesses may likewise be available in the urinary framework. A deferral in renal capacity can likewise show renal illness. An unusual measure of pee in the bladder subsequent to voiding may demonstrate prostate or bladder issues. Intravenous urograms are frequently done on youngsters to preclude a quick creating tumor in the kidneys, called a Wilms tumor. Youngsters are likewise inclined to contaminations of the bladder and kidneys because of urinary reflux (return reverse of pee). Film For a fundamental film, (35 x 43cm) prostrate full A.P. mid-region to incorporate lower outskirt of symphysis pubis and stomach, stomach preparation,and for any calcifications overlying the renal tract zones. Extra movies to choose position of any opacities.35ã‚â ° back angled of the renal areas. Tomogram of the renal regions are at 8-11 cm 4 reasom why we do preminilary Persistent arrangement The situation of kidney (collimation) Introduction factor Guidance For a prompt film (24 x 30cm), AP of the renal zones, the film is uncovered 10-14 s after the infusion (arm-to-kidney time). It is to show the nephrogram. For a brief film (24 x 30cm) AP of the renal regions, this film is taken to choose if the discharge is equivalent or if the take-up is poor and is significant for evaluating the need to modify the strategy. A pressure band is presently applied around the patients mid-region and the inflatable situated halfway between the iliac spines. This can create better pelvicalyceal distension. Pressure ought not be utilized in instances of suspected renal colic, renal injury or after late stomach medical procedure. In 15 moment AP of the renal territories, there is generally adequate distension of the pelvicalyceal framework with dark pee when.

Essay on “International and Domestic Oil Prices”

Essay on â€Å"International and Domestic Oil Prices† Introduction The involvement of the financial markets in the modern economies and the oil market is such that upwards of 60% of the crude prices are not determined by the supply and demand forces on the markets. Instead, leading hedge funds and banks, through the international oil exchanges in London and New York control the spot prices through oil futures (Rich, Streitfeld, Rampell, 2011). This has effectively crested more scope for speculation within the industry, which when coupled with the emergency of bond markets across the world, the scare of the exchanges markets losing an actual backing of the actual markets has arisen, with dire consequences on the predictability of oil prices. These have an ultimate effect in the economies of countries across the world. This paper seeks to assess the effects of the international oil prices on the US’ domestic economy as well as the economies of other nations across the world. The assessment includes an understanding of the role of speculation, oil exchanges, producing nations and other agents of the fuel prices, as well as the effects of their respective decisions on the consumer demand (Rich, Streitfeld, Rampell, 2011). International Oil Prices and the Domestic Economy The 1988 collapse of the OPEC administered system of pricing led to the emergence of the prices freely determined by the forces on the markets, which has survived to the present-day. The nationalizations of oil reserves and the collapse of the concessions system deprived multinational companies of the influence they enjoyed in determining the oil prices, leading to the emergence of exchanges and deals outside the horizontally and vertically integrated corporations. This was strengthened even further by the rising influence of non-OPEC producers, which in turn led into the development intricate markets across the world, including physical forwards, spot markets, options, futures and derivatives’ markets. The 24-hour trading and electronic markets, enabled by the rise of technology allowed greater access to the markets and with, multiple trading instruments. Under the new system, physical deliveries occur both through spot markets and futures, with the spot markets comprising a minority of the transactions because of the logistical difficulties associated with spot deliveries (Tang Wei, 2010). Crude Benchmarks and Pricing Long-term contracts stem from bilateral agreements for the delivery of crude oil shipments at pre-determined prices. The varied qualities of crude attract equally varied premiums (benchmarks), where the prices are determined by the price differential (D) and the benchmark crude price (PR). The price agreement for a spot or futures market involves agreements on the price differential (Fattouh B. , An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing System , 2011). The price differentials built in the Gross Products Worth of refining crude, rendering them hugely variable owing to the varied qualities of crude oil and perhaps most importantly, due to the changes in the relative supply and demand forces on the market for each variant of crude. In the recent three years for instance, the price differential between Arab Heavy and Arab Light crudes increased to reach upwards of $15 a barrel, with fuel oil being heavily supplied, despite the fact that diesel, which results from Arab Light’s saw shortages in the market (Fattouh, Kilian, Mahadeva, 2011). Benchmark differentials on the other hand are determined by the oil exporting nations, in consideration of the Gross Products Worth of the crude variant, announced up to a month prior to the loading of the products. The determination of the benchmarks builds in multiple lags, coupled with the use of dated figures, which in turn implies that the prices would least reflect the actual conditions on the market. Other nations, including Qatar and Abu Dhabi simply announce the Official Selling Prices, based on the Dubai-Oman Benchmark pricing system. Countries must not only ensure competitiveness of their crude, but also build into their pricing models the differences with between the reference and their own crudes (The Economist, 2009). In addition, oil producers delay announcing the differentials in order to reduce the lags, while also avoid being undercut by their respective competitors. Changes in the global oil prices have far-reaching effects on the domestic economies of all countries, and the fact that countries have little control over the changes in prices, makes the changes necessarily hurtful to the domestic economies. Since the beginning of 2010, commodity prices across the world have risen considerably, following a near 40% increase in the prices of oil. The international increases in the prices of oil occurred towards the close of 2010 to 2012 with the consequential cost-push inflation on the prices of basic commodities including food, metals, agricultural commodities and minerals across the world (Fattouh B. , The Drivers of Oil Prices: The Usefulness and Limitations of Non-Structural Model, the Demand–Supply Framework and Informal Approaches, 2007). In addition, the demand for oil is dependent on not only the United States economy but also all other economies in the world. The demand of major emerging economies including China, Brazil and India, w hich effectively pits the interests of different countries against each other, with the consequent increases in prices, in the event the demand of the world goes up. The recent growth in demand from China has resulted in global increases in fuel prices and the prices other commodities. The energy demand outside the OECD also contributed to the rapid depreciation of the United States dollar, with dire consequences on the ability of the country to import important resources into the country, while at once rendering its exports relatively cheaper (Ripple, 2008). The consequences of the (i) increasing oil prices and (ii) the fluctuating nature of the prices on the domestic economy are dire, with analysts estimating that a $10 increase in the price of oil is capable of reducing the GDP growth by more than 0.5%, within the OECD. In addition, a similar increase is estimated to lead to upwards 0.2% increase in the rate of inflation within the OECD, even with the multipliers used in these models ignoring multiple dynamic effects (The Economist Intellegence Unit, 2012). Other than the actual increases in demand for energy across the world are unsurpassed by the geopolitical issues that have a disruptive effect on the real supply, coupled with changes in the market dynamics. The spare production capacity of Saudi Arabia is insufficient to meet the fluctuations in the supply of other oil producing nations that may be disrupted by political and regional tensions (Tehran Times, 2012). Effectively, the demand and supply forces in the domestic economy are unrelated to the demand and supply forces within the domestic economy, effectively rendering them either too high or too low, for a domestic equilibrium to be reached. Formulae pricing is founded on the key physical benchmarks, including the West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Dated Brent, Dubai and the ASCI price (Fattouh B. , The Drivers of Oil Prices: The Usefulness and Limitations of Non-Structural Model, the Demand–Supply Framework and Informal Approaches, 2007). The benchmark prices are known as the spot market prices, form an important part of the pricing system, not least because producers and traders use them rely on them in setting futures prices, which have an influence on the spot market prices both at present and in the future (Krugman, 2009). In addition, benchmark crude is used by companies and banks in settlement of derivative instruments such as swap contracts. Governments and futures exchanges used benchmark crude for taxation and settlement of financial contracts respectively. Oil-producing countries use different benchmarks depending on the destination of their exports with Iraq for instance using the Brent Crude to export t o Europe, while its Asian and US exports are based on the Dubai-Oman and the WTI respectively. Mexico on the other hand used a weighted averaged of varied benchmarks’ prices to determine their respective exports prices, including the WTI, the Louisiana Light Sweet, the High Sulfur Fuel Oil and Dated Brent. The benchmarks are priced through assessments by the Oil Reporting Agencies, based on the market information and assessments of the quality of oil, but the prices are strict estimates, with variation between different prices (O’Hara, 2001). Further, while the benchmarking principle remains the same, the benchmarks have changed immensely, both in terms of liquidity and the nature of crudes involved in the process of assessment of the value. The Brent Benchmark for instance, has since began including the North Sea Streams Forties, Ekofisk and Oseberg, while Platts Dubai builds in Upper Zakum and Oman. The streams in benchmarks are naturally not identical in quality. This makes the benchmark prices not to reflect the price of a physical stream, but most importantly, to reflect the prices of a constructed index of different physical streams (Rothwell Gomez, 2003). The benchmark crude oil streams have been declining, with far reaching effects on the market. In the United Kingdom for instance, the decline in production of Brent crude in the 1980s from 885,000 b/d to 366,000 b/d in 1986 to 1990, resulted in massive distortions, squeezes and manipulations, with the consequence of Brent crude prices being completely disconnecte d from other crude grades. The problem was alleviated by the comingling of Ninian and Brent crudes to create Brent Blend, coupled with the ceasing of Ninian as a crude stream. Brent Blend did not last too, and with physical production delays, came the fluctuations in the prices of crude oil based on the benchmarks. With the decline in the physical production of the crude components of benchmarks, other crudes have been co-opted into the benchmarks (Rich, Streitfeld, Rampell, 2011). In 2002 for instance, Platts expanded its definition of Dated Brent to include Oserberg and Forties (from the North Sea) in order to facilitate the assessment process as well as the quality of deliverables in multiple forward contracts based on the benchmark. WTI has also been reported to be declining rapidly, with effects on the futures based on the index. Effectively, the declining physical production of benchmark crudes has the consequence of taking with it, the standards that form the basis of oil p rice determination for both the futures markets and the spot markets, owing to the huge influence of futures on the spot markets (World Bank, 2007). Alternative Pricing While the above pricing model should under ideal conditions be functional, but the involvement of high finance and financial innovation has led to exaggerations of prices (Thorne, 2010). The Posted Pricing system that was previously used by the oil companies to set the prices of oil in consultations with the oil producing nations, and in view of the conditions on the market. In this way, the speculative forces in the market would be eliminated. In addition, the oil producing countries would be able to link the physical supplies to the actual demand in the market, effectively reducing the prospects of exploitative speculation. China has repeatedly implemented this system, with limited success, largely because of the heavily innovative financial markets and instruments in the modern world (The Economist, 2011). The Chinese model is founded on the assessment of the costs of purchase of crude oil from the oil exporting prices, including the costs of transportation and other transaction costs in order to These ensure that the role of the private sector in the determination of oil prices can never be under-estimated, regardless with the amount of regulation. In addition, the characteristic inefficiency caused by the slow reaction of governments, coupled with the time lags in forecasting models render the system heavy and impractical (Krugman, 2009). Financial Exchanges, Physical Markets and Speculation Upwards of 60% of oil prices are purely as a result of speculative forces by leading financial institutions, implying that while current oil prices comprise as much as $60 per barrel that derives from speculation, despite the relatively stable demand and supply forces in the previous five years (excluding the emerging economies effect). Hoarding of crude oil, and the arrival of speculative investments backed by the bond markets and securitization into the oil futures has resulted in increasing supplies, which are not passed on to the spot market but instead serve as financial instruments (Fattouh, Kilian, Mahadeva, 2011). The potential of speculators to herd markets into supply shortages in order to profiteer is enormous, especially with the emergence of paper crude of financial derivatives, which have gained acceptance across the financial and oil markets. Financial instruments including Contract for Differences, Brent Forwards, swaps, Brent options, Exchanges for Physicals and o thers are now tradable on exchanges. This has in turn offered easy access, with reduced risk to instruments such as index funds, options, exchange traded funds and futures (Rich, Streitfeld, Rampell, 2011). This has been driven by changing investor preferences in favor of market-based derivatives, which have low transaction costs and risks. Recent studies have shown a high correlation between equity and energy returns, with the most extreme effects being evidenced in periods of financial market booms. The sub-prime markets specter (reckless risk taking due to low risks and lack of physical market bases) is evident in the non-backed markets. While it is impossible to envisage a market without securities, given the central role of crude oil on the economy, it is crucial that financial exchanges are founded on the physical markets (O’Hara, 2001). At present, most hedge funds are reeling from the collapse in profitability of the housing market, moving investments into the oil markets. This in turn fuelled a bubble in the oil market, with increases in the prices of oil futures through the period. Major companies in the European Union and North America hoarded oil, leading to appearance of oil shortages, coupled with the limit credit availability that characterized the global economic crisis. These were exacerbated Lon don ICE Futures and Over the Counter (OTC), which are not regulated, leading to the imprecise figures regarding the dollar value of the expenditures on energy investments. This in turn created and has expanded the speculative space and incentive in the oil market, with the consequence of worsening the difference between the internationally set prices and the domestic prices. This even most significant, with the declining physical production of benchmark crude, which would lead to a disconnect between the actual prices and the oil supplies. Futures Physical Markets Both spot and futures prices are determined in response to the same economic conditions, and should by necessity reflect one another. The price set for futures closely reflects the expectations, whether real or otherwise, of the future supply and demand, which musty by construction be reflected in the spot prices (Smith Searle, 2007). This is the sole intention of benchmarking as well as the pricing models adopted by the oil-exporting countries, which are constantly adjusted in order to fit in with the demand and competitiveness needs of the market. The futures contracts are closed by exporters and traders who resale the oil to the consumers, and to this extent, the demand and supply forces are reflected. However, similar conditions would only prevail, if the demand by the oil traders is driven by the final market needs, and not speculative demand (The Economist, 2009). Speculative demand for oil, and the relative power of financial institutions and the instruments that have emerged in the modern markets have resulted in the creation of artificial markets, which may be manipulated to the benefit of the oil traders and speculators. This occurs through artificial increases in the prices, driven by futures markets that are founded on artificially created expectations of demand and supply. In addition, even if there was no manipulation, squeezes etc, the forecasting formulae that is used to project the futures contracts pricing is independent on whether prices increase or fall (Ripple, 2008). Further, the effect of politics and geopolitical tensions involving oil-producing nations and regions, have a greater effect on speculative and futures markets than the physical markets. While for instance the Iranian, Egyptian and Libyan crises resulted in fears of reduced oil supply to Europe, Asia and the Americas, with the consequent increases in oil prices, the actual reductions in supply have not been significant (Krugman, 2009). However, the pricing models for futures that built in this possibility in turn resulted in prices that did not reflect the physical markets. This is noticeable in periods when supply was increased by both OPEC and non-OPEC nations, which were however, not reflected by reductions in the fuel prices. The United States, which accounts for a quarter of the global oil trade and consumption, has in the recent past offered a clear example of how oil futures distort the physical trade. Traders sale the dollar short, while selling oil long, leading to a fall in the current prices at which they acquire oil and hoard, to supply it during shortages (Eicher, Mutti, Turnovsky, 2009). The geopolitical tensions and the prominent role played by the speculators easily masks the role played by multiple other players in the industry that however, have an influence on the spot and futures prices. These players include the oil exploration and extraction companies, the refineries and the entire petrochemical industries among others. This adds to OPEC oligopoly, which does however comprise multiple oil rich nations that compete against each other to ensure the competitiveness of their oil. Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Arab Light for instance are of the quality, land go for about the same prices (Thorne, 2010). However, the two nations must compete for markets abroad. Effectively, it is in the interest of every country to make certain that their prices are as low as possible. However, the intermediaries that deliver the oil to the final consumers have an impact on the prices beyond the control of any one player. Effectively, the international pricing system is the only vi able pricing system, open to OPEC and other agents. Conclusion Benchmarks represent the most important pricing system, but ht emergency of financial derivatives based on oil, have led to the distortion of the oil prices, coupled with the lack of transparency in the industry, which has in turn resulted in the gap between the actual and the futures prices (Eicher, Mutti, Turnovsky, 2009). A lesson from the sub-prime mortgage crisis is apt for the oil market. While the recent global economic crisis was triggered by the crush of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, the actual problem that precipitated the creation of bubble and the subsequent crush was the emergence of bond markets. These in turn resulted in excessive credit on the markets, with the markets actually losing the physical market back up, which were replaced with tradable securities, fuelling a bubble that ultimately haunted the global economy. References List Eicher, T. S., Mutti, J., Turnovsky, M. ,2009, International Economics. London: Taylor Francis. Fattouh, B. ,2011, An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing An An Anatomy of the Crude Oil Pricing System . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fattouh, B. ,2007, The Drivers of Oil Prices: The Usefulness and Limitations of Non-Structural Model, the Demand–Supply Framework and Informal Approaches. University of London . Fattouh, B., Kilian, L., Mahadeva, L. ,2011, The Role of SPeculation in the Oil Markets: What have we Learnt so Far? Oxford: Oxford Institute of Energy Studies. Krugman, p. ,2009, he Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008. New York: W.W. Norton Company Limited. O’Hara, P. A. ,2001, Insider trading in financial markets: legality, ethics, Efficiency. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 28 No. 10/11/12, . Rich, M., Streitfeld, D., Rampell, C. ,2011, Feb 24, Rising Oil Prices Pose New Threat to U.S. Economy. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/25/business/economy/25econ.html?pagewanted=all Ripple, R. ,2008, Futures Trading, What is Excessive. June 7: Oil and Gas Journal. Rothwell, G., Gomez, T. ,2003, Electricity Economics. Boston: Wiley. Smith, S. J., Searle, B. ,2007, The Blackwell Companion to the Economics of Housing: The Housing Wealth of Nations. London: John Wiley Sons. Tang, K., Wei, X. ,2010, Index Investing and the Financialization of Commodities. NBER Working Paper 16385: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Tehran Times. ,2012, May 11, Japan considering government insurance for Iran crude. Retrieved May 12, 2012, from www.tehrantimes.com: http://tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97737-japan-considering-government-insurance-for-iran-crude The Economist. ,2011, Oct 25, How the economic slowdown has changed consumer spending in America. Retrieved Dec 6, 2011, from the economist: http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/10/us-consumer-spending The Economist Intellegence Unit. ,2012, The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy. The Economist Intellegence Unit . The Economist. ,2009, Aug 7, On the Rebound?: Asia’s emerging economies are recovering much more quickly than economies in other parts of the world. Can they keep it up? . Retrieved April 29, 2012, from www.theeconomist.com: http://www.economist.com/node/14209825 The Economist. ,2011, March 3, The Price of Fear: A complex chain of cause and effect links the Arab world’s turmoil to the health of the world economy . Retrieved July 13, 2012, from www.economist.com: http://www.economist.com/node/18285768 The Tehran Times. ,2012, May 11, Iran oil production rises despite sanctions, OPEC says. Retrieved May 12, 2012, from www.tehrantimes.com: http://tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97739-iran-oil-production-rises-despite-sanctions-opec-says Thorne, S. ,2010, A User guide to Platts Assessment Processes Presentation at the Platts Crude Oil Methodology Forum 2010. London. World Bank. ,2007, August 18, FInance for All? The Pitfalls of Expanding Access. World Bank Policy Research Report .

Ford Motor Company Swot - 1298 Words

19 June 2011 Ford Motor Company: Over a Decade of Practice Makes Perfect The Ford Company has been a successful American owned auto industry since 1903. With Fords global marketing establishment, their great investments in alternative fuel sources and most importantly its commitment to diversity, community service and environmental responsibility served as a brilliant and strategic move on Ford Motors behalf. In his book The Ford Century, Russ Banham talked of the many years that Ford Motor Company has maintained its stance as an American automaker by providing outstanding products, as well as its services to improve peoples way of life. In Detroit Michigan 1899, a company by the name of Detroit†¦show more content†¦Certainly with the Ford Motor Company having an expensive pallet for newer materials, better products, future technology and creative marketing plans to sale more vehicles. It would be more than a notion to say that financially, Fords debts are outstanding. Having the need for a re- evaluation was desperately welcomed. Ford faced several losss over the years, but because of their insatiable appetite in giving consumers a product that Ford would stand by. Ford continues to be one of the top auto and financing businesses. With total restructuring and utilization of the media sector as a means of marketing, Ford was able to reach out to a larger customer base. Cindy Stacy: media executive, had a hand in hashing out deals that fit the necessary needs of her client (Ford Motor Company). Being that she was once a supervisor in broadcast media buying for several clients. By Ron Fredrick being Cindys mentor, gave his evaluation of her as being the total Chism 6 package. In Ad Exec: Strategy is Changing, Fredrick says, â€Å" Stacy has the two crucial qualities a media person needs to succeed.† He stated: â€Å"One as having the idea, the concept and the big picture†. The other is, â€Å"Being able to grind out the deal.† Fredrick believes that she is one of those amazing people who have both qualities (1). However Ford Motors strategies areShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Ford Motor Company1049 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis is a tactical method used to verify any company’s or any firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A company should use SWOT analysis to assess and make precise decisions in regards to the company’s growth and success and future development. The company’s Strengths are the internal characteristics that help it to run successfully and have an advantage over their competition and accelerate the company in reaching its goals and objectives. The weaknesses of the companyRead MoreFord Motor Company Swot Analysis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Company SWOT Analysis Introduction Ford Motors is an American based company that was founded over a century ago back in 1903. Ford Motors is one of the most leading automobile manufacturers in the world and according to Forbes the company was the seventh largest car manufacturer in 2014. Ford Motors largely deals in the manufacture of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles and their production amounts to millions every year. Ford Motors operates around ninety manufacturing plantsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ford Motor Company Swot Analysis1074 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy Differentiation involves making products and services that differentiates the company from competitors. Tools used in differentiation strategy such as SWOT, PEST, Value Chain analysis and Porters Five Forces. The following will be the SWOT analysis of Ford. SWOT Analysis Ford Motor Company SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong position in US market ECOnetic initiative Sound financial performance One Ford Increasing Market share in Asia High cost structure Low Market share in Europe LowRead MoreSWOT Analysis: Ford Motor Company Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesto invest in Ford Motor Company will take the use of a SWOT analysis and learning about the stakeholders of the company. Business Analysis Part 1: Ford Motor Company There are a lot of factors to think about as a mutual fund manager when deciding whether to invest in a company. When it comes to investing in Ford Motor Company, I will have to make a decision on whether the investment strategy and the associated risks will be a good fit for me and my company. Most businessesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ford Motor Company1325 Words   |  6 Pagesautomotive industry is capital-intensive and Ford is no exception. When it needs extra cash and liquidity Ford taps the debt-markets. Automobile companies also need funding for their credit subsidiaries in order to offer financing to car buyers and leasers. Investors purchase bonds of a company and are referred to as debt-holders of the company. Should a company go bankrupt, these debt-holders then enjoy precedence over shareholders because the company must honor its debt before paying its shareholdersRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Co. Casey T, Blackburn Business 104 Business Organization Management Dr. Earl Murray Jr. 1 November 2015 Abstract I hope that this meets the intent of this paper and that you learn something new about the management of an organization that I have the most interest in. I wanted to discuss how the lessons that we have covered during this class are used and demonstrated in a large worldwide company such as Ford Motor Co. Ford Motor Co. Ford’s Motor Company History Ford Motor CompanyRead MoreEssay on Case Study: Tata Motors Acquisition of Jlr1593 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- CASE STUDY: Tata Motors Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover in 2008 ------------------------------------------------- VenkitV Introduction India-based Tata Motors Ltd. successfully acquired two British automotive brands – Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR), in June 2008 from Ford Motors for $ 2.3B. As part of the deal, Tata Motors gained 100% stake in companies, 3 UK plants, 2 advanced design and engineering centers, 26 national sales companies, IP rights, $1.1B in capital allowancesRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning1136 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness must be able to conduct regular analysis of their success. They must be able to determine where they are today and have a goal of where they would like to see themselves 5-10 years down the road. In order to conduct a true analysis of the company, one must complete an environmental scan of their organization. Thus scanning for events, trends, issues and expectations that they may be faced with in the future. Furthermore, examining all internal and external environment challenges. InternalRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Analysis1230 Words   |  5 Pages Company Summary: The Ford Motor Company is one of the most largest and profitable U.S. automakers in the world. Today the company headquarters operates in the Motor City, located in Dearborn, Michigan. The Ford Corporation was found by Henry Ford back in 1903, after a disagreement with his financial investors. He then decided to pursue his passion for owning his own business. The Ford Company designs and manufactures durable automobiles, automotive components, and systems. This corporation isRead MoreStudy Case Ford677 Words   |  3 PagesFord Motor Company-2007 Step 1 Identify the firm’s exiting vision, mission, objective and strategies (Executive summary). Vision: To become the world’s leading Consumer Company for automotive products and services. Mission: We are a global family with a proud heritage passionately committed to providing personal mobility for people around the world. We anticipate consumer need and deliver outstanding products and services that improve people’s lives. Strategies: Aggressively restructure

Mental Illness Mr. A Essay - 1027 Words

Mr. A reported he met his developmental milestones and walked at age 1 years old. He also did not experience any learning delays. He report being able to adapt and was involved in complex skills at an appropriate age. There were no know history of childhood or mental illness. His birth and infancy were normal. Implementation This is the fourth phase in the GIM. In this phase the social worker demonstrate the ability to understand the plan of treatment for the client. This is the stage where goals are developed. Mr. A has many ups and downs that have subsided. He visits his psychiatries every week as been for four years. His symptoms to PTSD has been less frequent he follows up with his doctor. Mr. A is compliant with his psyatrobic medications. Personal, Familial, and Cultural Mr. A reports that he comes from an affluent yet strict family of 10 siblings, five boys and 5 girls in which he is the eldest. His parents met and fell in love in Maryland then moved to South Carolina. Mr. A’s mother Ms. Betty is 80 years old and Mr. Harry is 87 years old both are alive and will be celebrating their 65 years of wedding anniversary in December 2016. Mr. A reports that during his childhood, he recalls the memories he had with his parents. Both parents where hard working and taught him the value of working and obtaining an education. His father Harry was an accountant and mother Betty was a Physical Therapies. Mr. A states, â€Å"Back then, parents where parents and I would notShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper And Mrs. Dalloway1220 Words   |  5 PagesIn Mrs. Dalloway, Septimus, a supporting character struggles with a mental illness that is most likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Similarly, in The Yellow Wallpaper, th e narrator also struggles with a mental illness which could be related to postpartum depression. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of The Yellow Wallpaper struggled with depression and Virginia Woolf, author of Mrs. Dalloway, suffered childhood trauma and was bipolar (McMan). Both story’s views on mental illness are most likelyRead MoreMental Illness, An Examination Of Prehistorical Skills And Cave Art1441 Words   |  6 PagesMental illness, per the National Alliance on Mental Illness, is a â€Å"condition that affects a person’s thinking, feeling, or mood. Such conditions may affect someone’s ability to relate to others and function each day. Each person will have different experiences, even people with the same diagnosis,† (Mental Health Conditions). While the actual phrase mental illness cannot be traced back to 6500 BC, the knowledge and possible understanding of that time of someone with a mental illness can be. IngridRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental I llness With Information1007 Words   |  5 PagesFighting the Stigma of Mental Illness with Information When describing the brain, it can be labeled as many things but not one-dimensional or simplistic. This is an organ that we find hard to understand because, oddly enough, we have a brain that isn’t wired well enough to understand itself. What makes our brain so complex? Is it the billions of neurons or the trillions of synapses that make up all of our mental connections? The three pound mass in your skull is bursting with power. It comes completelyRead MoreSchizophreni An Individual s Behavior And Perception Of The World1661 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness in which an individual’s behaviour and perception of the world is altered abruptly. The alteration in perception can distort their sense of reality, this is known as psychosis (What is schizophrenia). Schizophrenia affects 1% of people in the world. (SENSORY) In Australia 1 in 100 people, or 150,000-200,000 people are affected by this disorder although 20-30% of individuals with t his disorder will only experience a few brief episodes with 10% of peopleRead MoreBipolar : A Mental Illness1692 Words   |  7 PagesOne of my closest friends during my undergraduate career has a mental illness called bipolar. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, bipolar is defined as a chronic mental illness that causes a range of different shifts in mood, energy, activity occurrence, and the ability to function and carry out the day to day tasks (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Bipolar disorder is also known as a manic depressive illness due to the shifts in mood. People with bipolar often experienceRead MoreCultural Diversity : A Cultural Assessment, Diagnosis And Or Treatment807 Words   |  4 PagesEngaging into the importance of multicultural competence, awareness of such competency has become a significant necessity in the area of mental health, and various fields of psychology (Hayes, 2008). It is essential for a counselor to be multicultural competent in order to develop a therapeutic alliance with a client, while understanding their cultural identity. Therefore, culturally competent knowledge, attitudes, and skills of diverse culture, is necessary, in proper treatment and diagnosis. Read MoreInvestigating The Victimization Of Persons With Mental Retardation Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigate the victimization of persons with Mental Retardation (MR). Specifically, this paper examined the differences between MR and mental illness, the risk of victimization and the nature of victimization for persons with MR, factors contributing to the risk of victimization for persons with MR, and perpetrators of victimization against persons with MR. Studies have found several influences contributing to the risk of victimization for persons with MR including victim-related factors, relationshipRead MoreReaction Paper to Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness1000 Words   |  4 Pagesothers and even the effect on his own self- image. In a way, Mr. Styron ‘normalizes’ the various reactions and symptoms individuals may have when suffering from depression. He EVEN begins the book acknowledging a moment in his life where it was expected of him to behave and react in a certain manner, yet it appears that he was unable to do so due to his depressive symptoms that he so affectingly describes. It was interesting to read about Mr. Styron’s personal reactions to these symptoms as well asRead MoreAmy Bloom s Silver Water850 Words   |  4 Pageslife as a result to living with mental illness. Throughout the story the narrator, Rose’s sister, shows the difficulties of living with mental illness not only for Rose’s family, but also for Rose. A common obstacle for the family is getting Rose proper care; this is difficult because the family could not find long term insurance or doctor. In â€Å" Silver Water†, Amy Bloom makes a point about how mental illness is treated; the speci fic point she makes is that mental illness is not taken as seriously asRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1577 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Louis Stevenson’s legendary novella, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is relatively well known. A scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll, tries to separate his inner good from evil and ends up with an alter ego, Edward Hyde. While Hyde, he commits numerous atrocities, including trampling a child and beating Sir Danvers Carew to death with a walking stick. The story is mostly written from the point of view of Mr. Gabriel Utterson, a lawyer who is friends with Jekyll and eventually pieces together

The Universatility In Bronte free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Jane Eyre Essay, Research Paper The Universality of Charlotte Bronte # 8217 ; s Jane Eyre Although Charlotte Bronte # 8217 ; s fresh Jane Eyre was published about 150 old ages ago, it portrays feelings that people today can acknowledge. Since the 19th century, metropoliss are larger, places and concerns are more modernised, more force occurs, and in general the whole of society is wholly different, but what has non changed is the manner people feel. The lone difference is the experience or event that causes the emotion. We have all felt the same feelings that Jane experiences: isolation # 8211 ; the first months of college when you know no 1 and no 1 knows you ; trouble # 8211 ; your fellow of two old ages breaks your bosom ; loneliness # 8211 ; the best friend you thought would be at that place everlastingly moves a 1000 stat mis off. To experience such emotions is human. Because Jane exposes her humanity as she grows as an person, people of any century can associate to her journey. We will write a custom essay sample on The Universatility In Bronte or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bronte shows the catholicity of Jane # 8217 ; s journey by forming it into phases that parallel the development of a kid into a mature person. Jane begins her journey at Gateshead where we can place with her because of our ain childhood experiences. When John Reed says to Jane, # 8220 ; You have no concern to take our books ; you are a dependent, mama says ; you have no money ; your male parent left you none ; you ought to implore, and non to populate here with gentleman # 8217 ; s kids like us, and eat the same repasts we do, and wear apparels at our mama # 8217 ; s write off # 8221 ; ( Bronte 42 ) , he is seeking to do her mad, possibly even shed a few cryings. John # 8217 ; s actions resonate the actions of the category bully who excessively often stole tiffin money and neer got caught. Besides, he plays the function of the large brother who blames his small sister acquiring her sent to her room, as Jane gets blamed and sent to the Red Room. Jane neer voices her choler, or any other emotion, to Mrs Reed. During childhood, tungsten vitamin E are frequently afraid of stating our parents, or defenders what we feel, but there is clip when we can no longer keep our emotions in. Therefore begins our adolescence. Jane’s passage to adolescence occurs when she retaliates against Mrs. Reed upon her going for Lowood. Lowood becomes the topographic point where Jane inquiries everything, particularly faith and life. Not merely are the stripling and teenage old ages characterized by rebellion, they are besides the old ages in which nil makes sense ; when you no longer believe merely what you are told, but you start desiring to detect what you believe on your ain. When Helen is deceasing, Jane asks Helen, â€Å"Where is God? Who is God? † ( 113 ) . As adolescents, we demand to cognize the truth, and we desire for something or person to depend on in difficult times. Jane needs something, but she does non cognize what. Our self-esteem rises and falls throughout the teenage old ages, as Jane # 8217 ; s does while she is at Lowood. One minute she is on the stool in forepart of the full category with her caput held high and the following she is crying with heartache: # 8220 ; The enchantment by which I had been so far supported began to fade out ; reaction took topographic point, and shortly, so overpowering was the heartache that seized me, I sank prostrate with my face to the land # 8221 ; ( 100 ) . Another illustration of adolescent heartache is the hurting that Jane feels at the loss of her first friend which is similar to the hurting of losing that first friend. In Helen, Jane found person to whom she could associate, and now that she is gone Jane must travel on with her journey as a immature grownup. Jane # 8217 ; s assorted feelings about Thornfield # 8220 ; It is a really unusual esthesis to inexperienced young person to experience itself rather entirely in the universe, cut adrift from every connection, uncertain to whether the port it is bound can be # 8230 ; The remainder of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users. The enrollment procedure merely couldn # 8217 ; t be easier. Log in or registry now. It is all free!